Statistika Deskriptif Lanjut dalam Kajian Pendidikan

Abstract

Descriptive statistics play an essential role in educational research because they are used to present, summarize, and describe data systematically, objectively, and comprehensibly, without generalizing to the population. This study aims to examine the concept, scope, and application of descriptive statistics as a foundation for data analysis in educational research. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach through a library research design. Data were collected by reviewing various scientific sources, including statistics textbooks, journal articles, and supporting literature discussing measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, skewness, and kurtosis. Data analysis was conducted by systematically reviewing, summarizing, and synthesizing experts' views to obtain a comprehensive and structured understanding. The results show that descriptive statistics enable educational researchers to fully understand data characteristics through tables and graphs, measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode), analysis of data dispersion, and the determination of distribution shape through skewness and kurtosis. Thus, descriptive statistics serve as an important foundation for interpreting educational research data and as a starting point for the appropriate and methodological use of inferential statistical techniques.