Islam dan Tradisi Lokal Minangkabau: Proses Akulturasi, Falsafah  ABS-SBK, dan Dinamika Sosial Budaya

Dewi Afriyani Putri Siregar; Hataya Zalfa; Jheny Ferlisya Syahara; Ananda Arumbinang; Hoktaviandri Hoktaviandri

doi:10.61132/nakula.v4i4.2875

Authors

Dewi Afriyani Putri Siregar UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Hataya Zalfa UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Jheny Ferlisya Syahara UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Ananda Arumbinang UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Hoktaviandri Hoktaviandri UIN Imam Bonjol Padang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/nakula.v4i4.2875

Keywords:

ABS-SBK, Acculturation, Islam, Matrilineal, Minangkabau

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between Islam and the local traditions of the Minangkabau community in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The focus covers three main issues: the historical process of Islamization, the philosophy of Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK), and the coexistence of the matrilineal kinship system with Islamic inheritance law. Using a qualitative approach through systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journals published between 2020 and 2025, the study synthesizes findings from multiple academic sources. The results reveal that Islam entered Minangkabau gradually through trade and the surau educational institution, rather than through forced conversion. The resulting ABS-SBK philosophy meaning customary law is grounded in Islamic law, which is grounded in the Quran serves as a comprehensive life guide integrating religious norms with adat practices. The matrilineal inheritance system (pusaka tinggi) coexists with Islamic inheritance law (faraid) through a functional distinction: communal ancestral property follows adat, while individually acquired property follows Islamic law. Contemporary challenges such as globalization, urbanization, and weakened institutional roles of adat leaders threaten the vitality of ABS-SBK, though cultural revitalization efforts show promising resilience. This study concludes that Minangkabau represents a unique model of Islam-culture integration in the Indonesian archipelago.

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