Dari Amma hingga Kanaga: Analisis Etnografis Kebudayaan Suku Dogon melalui 7 Unsur Universal Koentjaraningrat

Iman Ahmad Gymnastiar MUDA; Fakhry Fayyadh Hidayah Dalimunthe

doi:10.61132/nakula.v4i5.3089

Authors

Iman Ahmad Gymnastiar MUDA Cendekia Muda Universal Islamic School
Fakhry Fayyadh Hidayah Dalimunthe Cendekia Muda Universal Islamic School

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/nakula.v4i5.3089

Keywords:

Culture, Ethnic, Dogon, Tribe, Anthropology

Abstract

In this study, the author examines the Dogon people using Koentjaraningrat’s approach. Specifically, the seven universal elements of culture: religious and belief systems, social organization, knowledge systems, language, art, livelihood, and tools and technology. Drawing on primary and secondary sources such as the classic works of Griaule and Dieterlen, Van Beek’s field critiques, UNESCO databases, encyclopedias, and recent academic publications. The author investigates ethnographic literature through a qualitative approach and a literature review method. The findings reveal that the Dogon maintain a complex system of symbols and rituals, evident in their traditional religion (involving figures such as Amma and Nommo), ritual hierarchies, and collective ceremonies like the Dama and Sigui. However, due to interactions with outsiders, tourism, global religions, and regional political dynamics, the Dogon’s symbolic and ritual systems have undergone rapid changes in recent decades. This research serves not merely as educational material but also as a means for the author to help preserve Dogon history and culture, ensuring that future generations can learn about the Dogon people and their traditions. The study was undertaken in response to the fading documentation regarding the Dogon, who face numerous challenges threatening the survival of their culture and traditions, including inter-communal violence, political instability, the loss of cultural heritage, and the impact of external influences.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Fakhry Fayyadh Hidayah Dalimunthe, Cendekia Muda Universal Islamic School

Social Science

References

Adistu, R. D., Sartini, S., & Putri, K. (2023). Phenomena of Japan’s popular culture hegemony in Indonesia: Its relevance in strengthening national culture Koentjaraningrat perspective. Jurnal Yaqzhan: Analisis Filsafat, Agama dan Kemanusiaan, 9(2), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.24235/jy.v9i2.12124

Attino, M. (2021). Parenté à plaisanterie ou cousinage entre les Dogons et les Songhays au Mali. European Scientific Journal, 17(13), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n13p1

Benjaminsen, T. A., & Ba, B. (2021). Fulani-Dogon killings in Mali: Farmer-herder conflicts as insurgency and counterinsurgency. African Security, 14(1), 4–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2021.1925035

Champion, L., Fuller, D. Q., Ozainne, S., Huysecom, É., & Mayor, A. (2021). Agricultural diversification in West Africa: An archaeobotanical study of the site of Sadia (Dogon Country, Mali). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 13, 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01293-5

Chang, H. T. (2021). A study on the social function of the traditional inheritance system in the Dogon tribe society of the Republic of Mali. The Journal of African Studies, 1(2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.18218/jas.2021.1.2.001

Dolo, Y. O., & Ndiaye, C. T. (2023). Analysis of technical efficiency and determinants of cereal production on family farms in the Dogon Plateau in Mali. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 41(9), 625–636. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92084

Fox, J. J. (2024). Koentjaraningrat Memorial Lecture: Koentjaraningrat’s legacy and contemporary anthropology in Indonesia. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 25(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2023.2284275

Guindo, B., & Kutsenkov, P. (2022). The “feedback effect” in modern Dogon culture (Mali). Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, 19(1), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2022-1

Hantgan, A., Babiker, H., & List, J.-M. (2022). First steps towards the detection of contact layers in Bangime: A multi-disciplinary, computer-assisted approach. Open Research Europe, 2, 10. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14339.2

Hantgan, A., & List, J.-M. (2022). Bangime: Secret language, language isolate, or language island? A computer-assisted case study. Papers in Historical Phonology, 7, 1–43. https://doi.org/10.2218/pihph.7.2022.7328

Imawan, Z. R. (2024). The shadow of Koentjaraningrat: Anthropology in Indonesia’s post-colonial. Jurnal Mengkaji Indonesia, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.59066/jmi.v3i2.865

Karimah, A. A., & Indrastuti, N. S. K. (2024). Representasi budaya Jawa dalam novel Garuda Gaganeswara: Teka-Teki Jalan Lurus Melingkar karya Ary Nilandari. Humanis, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.24843/JH.2024.v28.i03.p08

Kodzio, A. (2025). Lexico-semantic analysis of borrowings in Dogon spoken in Sangha, Mali. Akiri: Revue des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Lettres, Langues et Civilisations, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/akiri.v3i4.10

Kutsenkov, P. A. (2022). The traditional culture of Dogon (Mali) in the context of Islamic civilization. Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie Obshchestva: Istoriia i Sovremennost, 2022. https://doi.org/10.31857/S086919080021623-2

Kutsenkov, P. A. (2024). Islamic influence and Dogon cultural synthesis: Redefining cultural dynamics in Mali. Journal of Contemporary Rituals and Traditions, 2(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.15575/jcrt.447

Maryati, S., & Handayani, S. (2024). Les éléments culturels dans la bande dessinée « De Semarang à Nice: Voyage interculturel indonésien-français ». Didacticofrancia Journal Didactique du FLE, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/vy0gka27

Soares, B. (2023). Les Dogons musulmans, les saints « païens » et autres « oxymores »: Retour critique sur l’étude du fait religieux en Afrique de l’Ouest. Annuaire de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études, Section des Sciences Religieuses, 130, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.4000/asr.4308

Sulaksana, I. G. C. P., Kohdrata, N., & Semarajaya, C. G. A. (2024). Identifikasi ruang lanskap budaya masyarakat Sanur, Denpasar-Bali. Jurnal Arsitektur Lansekap, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.24843/JAL.2024.v10.i01.p03

Timbine, A. (2022). Dogon rituals as a congruous conflict resolution and prevention mechanism. Revue Kurukan Fuga, 1(1), 417–429.

Van Beek, W. E. A., & Poudiougou, I. (2026). The singing prophet of the Dogon: A nineteenth century voice on Dogon-Fulbe relations and his legacy. History in Africa, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2025.10010

Koentjaraningrat. (2009). Pengantar ilmu antropologi. Jakarta, Indonesia: Rineka Cipta.

Koentjaraningrat. (2007). Sejarah teori antropologi I. Jakarta, Indonesia: Universitas Indonesia Press.

Van Beek, W. E. A. (2018). Matter in motion: A Dogon Kanaga mask. Religions, 9(9), 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9090264

Dieterlen, G. (1965). The religious system of the Dogon. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Griaule, M. (1965). Conversations with Ogotemmêli: An introduction to Dogon religious ideas. London, England: Oxford University Press.Hidayati, S.N. (2016). Pengaruh Pendekatan Keras dan Lunak Pemimpin Organisasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Potensi Mogok Kerja Karyawan. Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, dan Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 57-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/SOSHUMDIK.v5i2.164.

Risdwiyanto, A. & Kurniyati, Y. (2015). Strategi Pemasaran Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta Berbasis Rangsangan Pemasaran. Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, dan Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/SOSHUMDIK.v5i1.142.

Bator, R. J., Bryan, A. D., & Schultz, P. W. (2011). Who Gives a Hoot?: Intercept Surveys of Litterers and Disposers. Environment and Behavior, 43(3), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509356884.